Affirmative Action And Its Effects On College Demographics...

Due to strong racial tensions, colleges believe admitting individuals in accordance to race is a positive liberal act, however affirmative action is evolving into quite a social strain. Colleges that endorse affirmative action are alleviating racial pressures based on college demographics but creating repercussions that are impacting all races and ages. If we continue burying the issues with affirmative action, we will not only be lessening the meaning of education but creating isolation between cultures. The history of affirmative action began on March 6, 1961, when President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925. This legal document included a provision that government officials take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin. The intentions for this executive order were to confirm the government’s â€Å"commitment to equal opportunity for all qualified persons, and to take positive action to strengthen efforts to realize true equal opportunity for all.† Executive 10925 was eventually superseded by Executive Order 11246 in 1965. On September 24th of that year, President Johnson delivered Executive Order 11246, prohibiting employment discrimination â€Å"based on race, color, religion, and national origin by those organizations receiving federal contracts and subcontracts.† A few years later in 1967, President Johnson amended Executi ve order 11246 toShow MoreRelatedArgument Against Affirmative Action Policies Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesGroups that are in refutation of Affirmative Action professor Gary Becker, who states â€Å"Affirmative Action policies lowers standards of account ability need to push employees or student to perform better.† (Becker) Becker’s meaning behind this argument is that students or employees who are affecting by affirmative action tend to try harder than they should know that they are going to be accepted just because of Affirmative Action policies. Becker say this type of polices eventually hurts more thanRead MoreUnderrepresented Students Benefit From A Multicultural Education903 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefactors of the privilege commiserate with membership in the dominant group† (Thorington 2). Affirmative action is a strategic method that provides both colleges and all students a benefit of learning and adapting to the real world. Despite affirmative action’s purpose of accessible educational equality and diversity, some universities have been sued by students over the reason that affirmative action gives colleges the authority to use racial preferences when selecting candidates for admittance. CasesRead MoreAffirmative Action Is Not Necessary1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of affirmative action is to allow equal access to employment to create a workforce that reflects the demographics of a qualified workforce in the relevant job market for all minorities, people with disabilities and women (Human Resources). It wasn’t until President Nixon who proposed the Philadelphia Plan that imposed racial hiring quotas on the city’s construction industry, affirmative action then became an issue of race causing the cases of reverse racism to rise ( Kahlenberg 2 ). ThoughRead MoreIs Diversity Is The Great Issue Of Our Time ( Macdeo, 2000, P.1 ) Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesRESEARCH: â€Å"Diversity is the great issue of our time (Macdeo, 2000, p.1).† The U.S. is one the most diverse countries in the world. One side diversity is an asset for any country and on the other side, it is a challenge to convert diversity into a demographic advantage. As like India, the U.S. also has inequalities and exclusion on racial and ethnic identities. Though, by law discrimination based on racial or ethnic identities is prohibited in the Constitution. Despite the legal mandate, racism is evidentRead MoreAffirmative Action and Higher Education Admissions Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Known as one of the biggest obstacles in higher education to date would arguably be the use of affirmative action within the higher education admission process for both private and public institutions (Kaplin Lee, 2014; Wang Shulruf, 2012). The focus of current research is an attempt to either justify or deny the use of affirmative action within current practices through various higher education institutions, and though any one person could potentially be swayed to side withRead MoreAffirmative Action- Negative Team1486 Words   |  6 PagesModule 03: Group Position Paper: Affirmative Action Affirmative Action: Negative Team 1 Diversity in the Workplace Professor Linda Noeth Center for Distance Learning SUNY Empire State College Slavery in America can be traced all the way back to colonial times, or as historians have dated; 1619. Although slavery had technically been abolished by the late 1800’s, issues over race still remained prominent. Regulations such as â€Å"Jim Crow Laws†, that claimedRead MoreThe State Of California Overturn Prop 2091731 Words   |  7 PagesTo: Social Workers, Higher Education Admissions to the State of California From: #34328759 Date: 11/25/2014 RE: Affirmative Action: A Win-Win for all Students in California Beyond Proposal: I propose that the state of California overturn Prop 209, which had previously removed race, religion, sex, color, ethnicity and national origin as consideration factors for admission to universities for undergraduate learning. Increasing additional students of color who enroll not only expands opportunitiesRead MoreAffirmative Action And Discrimination Against Women And Minority Groups1386 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities. By definition seems to explain affirmative action and to help subsidize for past discrimination. Affirmative action has foremost affects in college admissions and employment. Especially, in employment more qualified women applicants are hired solely in the fact that they are members of a minority group. The Women’s Movement has fought for the equality of women and I intend to show that affirmative action in today’s society. Affirmative action was first put into use during the 1960s underRead MoreAffirmative Action And Admissions Policies Essay2002 Words   |  9 PagesAffirmative action has historically been utilized to ameliorate past injustices endured by minorities of color. In 1978 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled race may be considered when used amongst several factors, as part of university admissions policies (Regents of the University of California v Bakke, 1978). The Supreme Court opinion allowed postsecondary institutions to incorporate affirmative action policies into their admission process. Ever since the Bakke decision affirmative actionRead MoreRace and The Affirmative Action Policies1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe utilization of race in affirmative action policies in higher education has been a topic of contention for several decades now. Since the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, we have seen some of the most heated debates over the fairness of affirmative action and the impacts on society the utilization of race creates. With such pending questions on fairness and of the constitutional ity of affirmative action policies two major Supreme Court cases have arisen, University of California Regents

Political Parties And The Democratic Party Essay - 1340 Words

Introduction: Originally political parties were seen as skeptical by our Founding Fathers and therefore opposed. However, today our government has political parties. Political parties attempt to gain control of the government and influence its decisions. The two most influential parties in American government are the Republican and Democratic Party. These two parties have very contrasting beliefs which they present in their platforms. Democrats believe in â€Å"the need for intervention by government in the form of more and bigger programs† and agree that there must be fairness in government regulations and freedom of expression. Republicans however, have more conservative values and cultivate the importance of family and the efforts made by individuals. They, unlike the Democratic Party, prefer to keep the power out of the hands of the government. Political parties’ business and actions affect every American. Especially when the political party is governing and practicing its belief s. The structure of marriage, education, taxes, and defense spending are all topics that influence the daily lives of American individuals. That is why is it is important to know where each political party stands. Marriage and Family: Republicans describe marriage as â€Å"the union of one man and one woman† and their regulations revolve around these ideals. They state that children’s emotional and physical health is stronger when they are raised in a household with two parents. To Republicans, naturalShow MoreRelatedPolitical Parties And The Democratic Party984 Words   |  4 Pages When looking at the history of US political parties, and classifying these parties into distinct party systems, five separate periods emerge leading up to the current party system. When classifying these party systems, it is important to look at characteristics such as the number of major parties, how these parties seek to gain support, and how the parties organize themselves. The earliest American parties were relatively centralized organizations that represented elite level concerns. They formedRead MorePolitical Parties : The Democratic Party954 Words   |  4 PagesKelly Kidwiler Table 3 Essay on political parti es September 19, 2015 The Democratic Party today is facing many problems many of which, can be overcome. As the head of the Democratic Party I have solutions to the problems that we face as a party. The main obstacles that we face today include: increasing our voter turnout, attracting new millennial voters and securing the Latino vote in the upcoming election. If these issues are addressed we are on track to have a very successful election. TheRead MoreThe Political Party At The Democratic Party1264 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Assignment Political Party Research: 1. I am attracted to the Democratic Party. I took the political party quiz and answered the questions as honestly as I could. I found the questions to be very interesting and versatile. After viewing my results I looked into The Green Party some more. I am basically an environmentalist and believe taxes are affecting the lower classes and something needs to be done about it. I agreed with all of these issues. 2. The top 5 issues are jobs, families, healthRead MorePolitical Parties And The Democratic Party2072 Words   |  9 PagesEssay Throughout U.S. history there have been two political parties who compete against each other, in order to run the nation. These political parties are known as the Republican Party, commonly known as the Grand Old Party, and the Democratic Party. Each party has a symbol of representation, in particular the elephant symbolizes the Republican Party. Thomas Nast created this symbol to portray that the Republicans are strong and dignified. The party was founded through antislavery activist and theRead MorePolitical Parties And Democratic Parties1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe political party is an organization of people who share similar ideas about the way the country should be governed. Political parties perform important tasks in government. In fact, â€Å"political parties select candidates and check the other party. Political parties also inform the public. Most importantly, they organize the government† (Political Parties, n.d.). The history of U.S political parties begins with the Federalists and their opponents the Anti-Federalists who became the Democratic-RepublicansRead MorePolitical Parties And Democratic Parties2752 Words   |  12 Pages â€Å"A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office,† (Roles and Definition of Political Parties). A person’s opinions on certain issues helps categorize them into a party. There are many different political parties in the United States today, such as the Liberation Party, the Green Party, and the Independent Party. The two major politicalRead MoreDemocratic Parties Vs Political Parties888 Words   |  4 Pageslikely aware that many issues are often contested between two political parties called the Democrats and the Republicans. It is interesting to note that the practice of two political parties debating key issues has been in use since the very beginning of the United States government. At the beginning of the United States as an independent nation, opposing ideologies in Congress eventually developed i nto the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans. The issues of the day revolved around how to setRead MorePolitical Parties Of The United States : The Democratic And Republic Parties915 Words   |  4 Pages There are two main political parties that dominate politics in the in the United States: The Democratic and Republic Parties. It turns out that these two political parties are opposed to each other on a wide range of issues that affect American public life. Unfortunately, many Americans are unaware of these differences between the two parties and tend to vote their officials into office in an uneducated manner. This often results in the political gridlock that often characterize government businessRead MoreThe Political Positions Of The Democratic And Republican Parties Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThis comparison will be examining the differences between the policies and political positions of the Democratic and Republican parties on the major issues that or government is having such as the healthcare, the role of government, gun control, entitlements, immigration, taxes, abortion and gay rights and many other issues that or country is going throw. These two parties are the most powerful in America s political landscape but differ greatly in their philosophies and ideals. In which DemocratRead MoreThe Democratic Party Is One Of The Two Major Contemporary Political Parties1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, they believe in Equality, freedom of speech, clean environments they also support health care and women’s right to choose. If one was going to choose to run for the United States Senator there are many hurdles you have to go through before you even start the process of being nominated, organizing the campaigns and even mobilizing it to be heard. Becoming a senator like much of anything takes a good

Essay on The Benefits of Organic Produce - 1208 Words

Each day Americans consume untold quantities of pesticides and other chemical additives in the foods we eat. Currently all consumers have only one choice to limit exposure to pesticides in their food: to buy organically farmed food. I realize that organic foods are more expensive than commercially farmed foods. However, one can offset the higher cost of organics by growing his or her own vegetables. Not only that, the consumer would benefit by knowing which products have the highest levels of pesticides and buy them organic instead. Organic food is not treated or grown with dangerous pesticides; it is environmentally friendly and helpful to the local economy. Before World War II, all farming done in the United States was what we now†¦show more content†¦We know that there are higher incidences of birth defects, asthma, and neurological disorders by farm workers than the general population. It is safe to assume that the daily exposure to these chemicals play a significant role in their health problems. There are more cases of childhood asthma, ADHD, and neurological disorders that pesticides played a key role in creating. One study confirms there is a link between pesticides and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study by Theo Colburn states: â€Å"The U.S. EPA currently requires chronic toxicity studies, but it is locked into using high doses to elicit effects and has not overcome the difficulty of detecting effects from chronic or ambient exposure or low doses (15).† However, as consumers, we do not ingest large doses of pesticides, but we do ingest numerous pesticides daily. Yet, there are few studies showing the cumulative effects of pesticide exposure. Consumers are becoming more aware of the dangers that pesticide consumption has to their health and are taking steps to protect themselves. The first step in controlling the pesticide and chemical toxin problem is to eliminate them from the foods we eat. This is why I choose toShow MoreRelatedFarm to Table Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesgrown produce. From healthier food to an economic boost to helping protect our environment, organic produce has several advantages over regular produce. Perhaps the most important benefit is to the consumer, in terms of health benefits. More and more studies are showing that organic produce may contain more of the stuff that’s good for our bodies: vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Nutritionist Virginia Worthington found there were significantly more nutrients in organically-grown produce and grainsRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On Organic Farming1653 Words   |  7 Pagesfarmers noticed a decrease in soil quality and crop health due to the use of chemical fertilizers (â€Å"Pesticides in Organic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). This drop in soil quality left the farmers no other choice but to cease the use of chemical fertilizers and begin implementing less harmful supplements in order to improve crop quality (â€Å"An Oral History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This less invasive method of farming, otherwise known as organic farming, takes into account â€Å"the medium and long-term effect of agricultural interventions† (â€Å"What Are t he Environmental†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )Read MoreOrganic And Non Organic Foods882 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent trend of organic foods on the shelves at the supermarket. 1 The word organic refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products (Mayo Clinic Staff, par. 3). Whether or not to purchase organic foods has been a subject of debate in recent years. Since in today’s society people are always in search for the healthiest foods available to nurture their bodies. Although few people can tell the difference between organic and non-organic foods, there are various benefits and differencesRead MoreThe Effect Of Organic Food On Today s World1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Organic Food in Today’s World When one goes to a grocery store today and compares it to one 20 years ago, they will notice a significant difference. One can find organic food in almost every store that sells food. Organic food has become increasingly more popular over the past few years due to a variety of considerations. Quality, convenience and price are a few examples of those considerations. The increase in demand and popularity results in varying opinions as to implicationsRead MoreOrganic Vs. Organic Agriculture1376 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease in popularity for organic products. However, is it possible for this growth in the organic industry to be sustainable and profitable? Some notable studies include, yield, price premium, demand, cost, etc. In this paper, organic to conventional agriculture will be investigated. Given that organic agriculture is still in its infancy, demand for organics will continue to grow despite for lower yield and higher premium cost. Additionally, since demand for organic agri culture will continue toRead MoreOrganic Fruit Or Conventional Fruit? Should You Believe The Hype?1039 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Organic Fruit Or Conventional Fruit: Should You Believe The Hype? At some point throughout the week, you find yourself at your local grocery store to shop. You may compare prices, chose a product with a popular name over a store brand, and may wonder if buying organic is worth all the hype. Bombarded with healthy options, its common knowledge fruit is a healthy choice. Organic fruit mirrors the image of conventional fruit so it may seem foolish to spend the exorbitant price for organic. WhenRead MoreOrganic Farming: Organic Food Benefits Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic Food Benefits With the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle being abundantly clear, healthy food choices are now in the spotlight. The demand for organic foods among U.S. consumers is on the rise due to the assumption that it is a healthier and safer food choice. As a consequence of staggering amounts of greenwashing thrust upon consumers today, labels and claims of health benefits have become overwhelming and confusing. Buyers must seek the facts for nutrition and safety informationRead MoreThe Cost Associated With Organic Food1287 Words   |  6 Pageswere many studies conducted in the last two decades on â€Å"whether organic foods have higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals than conventionally raised foods and whether they have fewer pesticide residues.† However, there are very few studies that actually prove that there are significant health benefits to eating organic. In my study I will focus on whether the cost associated with organic food is worth the healt h benefits. Crinnion (2010) wrote that one factor many researchers do notRead MoreThe Benefits of Organic Food to Human Health1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe benefits of organic food to human health. Organic refers to the way agricultural foods is produced and processed. It is using methods and materials that are of low impact to the environment. And the primary goal is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants and people. Research published in a 2001 study showed that the current fruit and vegetables that are conventionally grown in the United States have about half the vitamin content of theirRead MoreOrganic And Non Organic Foods939 Words   |  4 Pagesa recent study done by Organic Farming Research Company, there are approximately 13,000 organic farms throughout the United States out of 2.1 million farms. In recent years more people are converting to buying strictly organic foods, but why? Steven Shapin answers this by writing â€Å"what are you buying when you buy organic?† In his article he explains the difference between organic foods and non-organic. People are becoming aware of the dangers and risk of non-organic produce and food and converting

Approaches and Factors for Selecting Holiday Destination

Question: Write an essay on analysis of the consumer buying decision making approaches and factors for selecting holiday destination. Answer: Introduction Consumer decision making approaches and tendencies are the most significant factors for the marketing strategy and consumer offering development and innovation strategies in almost all kinds of business industries across the world. If a business organisation fails to realise the exact consumer decision making tendencies and approaches then it would be harder for the business to develop proper marketing strategies to attract the buying behaviour of the consumers (Grbac et al 2015). Thus, it essential for a business organisation to realise the proper buying behavior and tendencies of different consumer segments so that exact type of consumer could be offered with the exact type of product and service according to their needs. Hence the basic aim of the following research is to analyse the changing consumer behavior depending on various significant factors related to consumer decision making depending on various relevant theoretical aspects and responses of different consumers for choos ing different types holiday packages among 6 predefined holiday packages (Wang et al 2015). The required research data for this research has been collected from 5 different respondents who have provided their responses to a specific set of questionnaire suggesting 6 different holiday destinations respectively in 1 Spain France and Italy, 2 Las Vegas, 3 New Zealand, 4 Hong Kong, 5 Gold Coast and 6 - Barossa Valley. Among the 5 respondents only responses of the respondent 3, 4 and 5 have been considered for analysing the findings for this research. The analysis of the responses of the respondents have been discussed in the below segment of this research (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Analysis and Discussion The Consumer Buying Decision Process According to consumer buying decision and behavior model the three major factors depending which the buying behavior of different consumers varies from each other are mentioned below, Economic Model This model is largely based on quantitative aspects and perception of the consumer about rationality. In this type of model, consumer buying behaviour is generally assessed through realising their tendencies for maximizing the utility of their purchased goods or services (Du et al 2016). Psychological Model Psychological and cognitive process of consumer buying decision making process majorly relies on the motivation and need of the consumers for buying a certain product or service and it is majorly based on qualitative illustrations rather than quantitative approaches. It majorly considers the sociological factors like cultural, family and other influences on the buying decision making process of a buyer (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Consumer Behavior Model It is one of the most appropriate models for analysing the buying behaviour of consumers and mostly utilised by marketers due to the flexibility for blending both economic and psychological model (Wang et al 2015). Apart from that, Neuroscience could also be a significant tool for analysis the buying decision making process of the consumers. Depending on basic human tendencies it defines some certain stages and hierarchy which is the most common process for a buyer to buy a product or service and the process includes the following stages, (Grbac et al 2015) Recognition of the need or problem to buy any specific product or service. Searching the required and relevant information to the needed product or service. Evaluating the alternative options for selecting the most effective and suitable product or service according to the need. Purchase Decision making and purchasing to product or service. Post purchase behavior of the consumer towards the product or service and the providing authority or brand as well. Analysis According to the responses of the respondent 3 in the survey it could be observed that the person is the main income source of the family due to being a pharmacist and usually he goes on holidays with his spouse and children. The average pretax income of the family is around $151,900 among which he solely contributes around $83,700 (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Thus it could be said that the person and the concerned family belongs to medium socioeconomic level which makes the higher holiday packages like Option 1 (Spain, France and Italy) a bit expensive. Subsequently it could also be observed from the responses of the respondent 3 that he has provided the cost for the holiday packages with the greatest importance marks (35) which itself shows the concern of the person about the expenses (Wang et al 2015). It could also be observed from the survey data of the respondent 3 that he has given activities available in the holiday packages with the second greatest importance marks as he has agreed that the family preferences influences his buying decisions for holiday packages. Accordingly, it could be observed from the ranking of the holiday packages made by respondent 3 that he provided option 4 (Hong Kong), Option 3 (New Zealand) and Option 2 (Las Vegas) with the higher preferences for making his buying decisions as all these holiday packages are average at cost but contained with several joyful activities which could be satisfying for him and his family (Barls-Arizn et al 2013). In case of the respondent 4 the buying decision has been made by the respondent in a different manner due to several of different factors compared to the former respondent (respondent 3). The respondent 4 is a younger female of 24 years old with lesser family responsibilities (Jin et al 2012). Younger people are much conscious about their experiences for choosing a holiday destination and subsequently it could be observed from the responses of the respondent 4 that she has provided the activities with the greatest importance marks (50) in the survey questionnaire. She selected Option 3 (New Zealand) and option 4 (Hong Kong) as her most preferable holiday destinations as these packages are economic in nature and comparatively offer a wider range of activities (Wang et al 2015). Although the respondent 4 has provided the cost for the packages with second largest importance marks (20) due to the belonging of her family to medium socioeconomic level with an average household income of $1 26,000 she choose Option 1 (Spain, France and Italy) as the respondent earns around $51,000 and young enough to have the desire for experiencing the wider range of activities contained in Option 1 holiday package (Grbac et al 2015). In case of the responses of the respondent 5 it could be observed from the demographic data of the respondent that it is a lady of 59 years old belonging to weaker economic condition with an average pretax income of $71,100. However, the buying decision making tendencies of the respondent differs from respondent 3 and 4 due to her family status and some other significant demographic factors. It could be observed that the respondent is divorced and the sole member and earner of the family (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). She goes on holiday for her own entertainment needs and relaxation which rather focusing on cost for the holidays attracted her interest in the available activities in the holiday packages and subsequently she has provided activities with the highest importance marks (30). However, due to limited income abilities she has to give the costs for holiday package options with second highest importance marks (20). Thus it could be said that the person goes on holidays all alone which prioritize the available activities rather than the price for her decision making approaches and that is the reason option 3 and 6 are her most preferred holiday packages as they are medium at cost but full with activities (Mariani, 2013). Discussion It could be observed from the above analysis of the collected research data from the respondent 3, 4 and 5 in the survey that buying decision of consumers for tourism factors is majorly dependent on various significant socioeconomic and demographic factors. That is why in almost all the cases price and activities for the holiday packages have been prioritised by the respondents for making their buying decisions for the available package options (Liasidou, 2013). However, the demographic factors make the differences among the included respondents. Respondent 3 having the highest income capacity prioritised the price for the packages as he have to bear the expenses for his entire family and but respondent 4 prioritised the available activities due to her younger age and adventure instincts (Decrop Kozak, 2014). However, respondent 3 has chosen the medium price packages even after having the lowest income capacity as she goes on holiday all alone due to being an old aged and divorced p erson. Thus, it could be said that combination of socioeconomic and demographic factors for realising the buying decision making tendencies of the consumers could be the most effective process for the marketers in travel and tourism industry to design consumer offerings (Du et al 2016). Recommendations It could be observed from the analysis that holiday package marketer for option 1 (Spain, France and Italy) mostly got the least priority by the respondents due to comparatively higher package pricing ($10,990). Thus, the most effective recommendations which could be suggested for the market of this holiday package depending on the above analysis are provided below, Segmentation of the holiday trip based on different nations among the included 3 (Spain, France and Italy) or based on overall 10 cities so that consumers with lower affordability and income capacity with be offered with choice options for shorter and limited period holiday (Anderson, 2013). The organisation kept the pricing higher at higher range ($10,990) which makes the package mostly unaffordable to common people with average income capacities. Thus, it is essential for the marketer for prioritising the cities with wider range of activities among the included 10 cities so that package prices could be lowered through excluding some of the cities with lesser activity (Han Hwang, 2013). Offering discount for consumers with greater number of family members so that the overall expense must not go beyond their affordability (Satit et al 2012). References Barls-Arizn, M. J., Fraj-Andrs, E., Martnez-Salinas, E. (2013). Family vacation decision making: The role of woman. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 30(8), 873-890. Jin, L., He, Y., Song, H. (2012). Service customization: To upgrade or to downgrade? An investigation of how option framing affects tourists choice of package-tour services. Tourism Management, 33(2), 266-275. Wang, Y., Weaver, D. B., Kwek, A. (2015). Beyond the Mass Tourism Stereotype Power and Empowerment in Chinese Tour Packages. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287515592971. Grbac, B., DamijaniĆ¡, A. T., Vodeb, K. (2015). Factors Influencing Decision Making in Tourist Market: Interaction of Environmental Attitudes and Tourist Travel Motives. In Marketing insights from a changing environment. Pearson. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016). Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Mariani, M. M. (2013). EXPLORING DECISION MAKING PROCESSES IN BUILDING ITALY-BASED PACKAGE TOURS: INSIGHTS FROM RUSSIAN TRAVEL AGENTS AND TOUR OPERATORS. Czech Hospitality Tourism Papers, 9(18). Liasidou, S. (2013). Decision-Making for Tourism Destinations: Airline Strategy Influences. Tourism Geographies, 15(3), 511-528. Decrop, A., Kozak, M. (2014). Consumer Goals in Vacation Decision Making. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 31(1), 71-81. Du, F., Yang, F., Liang, L., Yang, M. (2016). Do service providers adopting market segmentation need cooperation with third parties? An application to hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(1). Anderson, W. (2013). Leakages in the tourism systems: case of Zanzibar. Tourism Review, 68(1), 62-76. Han, H., Hwang, J. (2013). Multi-dimensions of the perceived benefits in a medical hotel and their roles in international travelers decision-making process. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 100-108. Satit, R. P., Tat, H. H., Rasli, A., Chin, T. A., Sukati, I. (2012). The relationship between marketing mix and customer decision-making over travel agents: An empirical study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(6), 522.